Designing a Bike Trailer as an Alternative for Transportation and Distribution of Goods

This report explores the process taken and results of a project in creating a system of sustainable urban transportation. First, the problems facing cities with regards to transportation are identified and analyzed. A solution to these problems is then offered in the form of bike and bicycle trailer transportation. Research was then done to create designs of bicycle trailers to be utilized for businesses. An examination into the design process and evolution used in this project was also done to show why decisions were made with regards to the final design. The final designs, both general for a multitude of businesses and a specialized design for Higher Ground Farm. Ultimately, a framework for sustainable transportation was created by this project and analyzed by the report

Design and Development of a Myoelectric Transradial Prosthesis

The loss of a limb is a life-changing event and reality for 441,000 transradial amputees in the United States. Limb loss can have substantial physical, social, psychological, and economic consequences. A prototype prosthesis was created that has sophisticated hand functionality, an adjustable and comfortable socket, and a lightweight yet durable design utilizing 3D printing, all available at a reasonable price point. The prosthesis integrated force sensors, servo motors, and a myoelectric means of control so the user may perform activities of daily living. The overall outcome was a prosthesis that met its design requirements, offering increased usability, functionality, and availability

Design and Development of a Myoelectric Transradial Prosthesis

The loss of a limb is a life-changing event and reality for 441,000 transradial amputees in the United States. Limb loss can have substantial physical, social, psychological, and economic consequences. A prototype prosthesis was created that has sophisticated hand functionality, an adjustable and comfortable socket, and a lightweight yet durable design utilizing 3D printing, all available at a reasonable price point. The prosthesis integrated force sensors, servo motors, and a myoelectric means of control so the user may perform activities of daily living. The overall outcome was a prosthesis that met its design requirements, offering increased usability,functionality, and availability

Constitutivism

A brief explanation and overview of constitutivism

Phylogeny of the titi monkeys of the Callicebus moloch group (Pitheciidae, Primates)

Callicebus is a Neotropical primate genus of the family Pitheciidae, which 27 currently comprises 34 recognized species. Based on their morphological traits 28 and geographic distribution, these species are currently assigned to five groups: the C. moloch, C. cupreus, C. donacophilus, C. torquatus, and C. 30 personatus groups, although in the past, alternative arrangements have been 31 proposed based on the analysis of morphological data. The principal 32 disagreements among these arrangements are related to the composition of the 33 C. moloch group. In the present study, we tested the different taxonomic proposals for the C. moloch group, based on the molecular analysis of nuclear 35 markers (Alu insertions and flanking regions) and three mitochondrial genes 36 (16S, COI and Cyt b), with a total of approximately 7 kb of DNA sequence 37 data. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods indicated that the species of the current C. 39 cupreus group should be reintegrated into the C. moloch group. In addition, 40 our results corroborated previous studies suggesting that the species of the 41 current C. personatus group form a distinct species group. We also observed a 42 relatively subtle level of divergence between C. dubius and C. caligatus. While the known diversity of Callicebus is considerable, these findings 44 indicate that the relationships among groups and species may still not be 45 completely understood, highlighting the need for further research into the 46 biological, geographic and genetic variability of these primates, which will be fundamental to the effective conservation of the genu

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Philosophy of action

The philosophical study of human action begins with Plato and Aristotle. Their influence in late antiquity and the Middle Ages yielded sophisticated theories of action and motivation, notably in the works of Augustine and Aquinas.1 But the ideas that were dominant in 1945 have their roots in the early modern period, when advances in physics and mathematics reshaped philosophy

Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT's (u, v)-coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v)-coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A* data set

A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows

We present a framework for characterizing the spatiotemporal power spectrum of the variability expected from the horizon-scale emission structure around supermassive black holes, and we apply this framework to a library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and associated general relativistic ray-traced images relevant for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A*. We find that the variability power spectrum is generically a red-noise process in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, with the peak in power occurring on the longest timescales and largest spatial scales. When both the time-averaged source structure and the spatially integrated light-curve variability are removed, the residual power spectrum exhibits a universal broken power-law behavior. On small spatial frequencies, the residual power spectrum rises as the square of the spatial frequency and is proportional to the variance in the centroid of emission. Beyond some peak in variability power, the residual power spectrum falls as that of the time-averaged source structure, which is similar across simulations; this behavior can be naturally explained if the variability arises from a multiplicative random field that has a steeper high-frequency power-law index than that of the time-averaged source structure. We briefly explore the ability of power spectral variability studies to constrain physical parameters relevant for the GRMHD simulations, which can be scaled to provide predictions for black holes in a range of systems in the optically thin regime. We present specific expectations for the behavior of the M87* and Sgr A* accretion flows as observed by the EHT